Judaism paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Judaism - Research Paper Example Certain assortments of Judaism consider the possibility that every single Jewish encouraging must carefully be clung to (Wylen, 2000). Despite the fact that, there are different types of Judaism that accept lessons that urge on the best way to usher an ethical quality in human lives are mandatory, substantially less, fundamental; others can be considered as optional or discretionary. For the explanation that Judaism is a various religion with a broad scope of convictions and practices, it must not be assumed that a Jew has specific kinds of convictions or follows exact types of strict practice (Eisenberg, 2004). Different kinds of Judaism are connected by an extreme impression of peoplehood (ICS, 2013), a mutual legacy, convention or custom, and aggregate qualities and gauges. Judaism gives Jews with direction on the best way to do their religion and motivate great qualities (ICS, 2013). These directions drop from various bases that incorporate Jewish consecrated messages, for exampl e, the Bible and the Talmud (ICS, 2013). Other Jewish messages, for example, the ensuing artistic works composed by rabbis and thinkers are additionally being utilized. Judaism is one of the most significant religions that are as yet being rehearsed today. Subsequently, it reasonably essential to delve in more profound to its verifiable determinations, and the critical figures, recognition, lessons, and occasions that can be moderately connected with it. This paper will expound on these classes, which ought to give perusers a general diagram of Judaism. Judaism and Abraham One of the crucial lessons of Judaism is the conviction that there is just a single God, a conviction that is otherwise called moral monotheism (Wylen 2000; ICS, 2013). Judaism instructs that there is a solitary God who made the universe and everything that is in it; a Supreme Being who values and tends mankind; a God who wants that His kin will live moral lives (ICS, 2013), which makes it a solid reason that havi ng a significant comprehension of Judaism is pivotal in valuing the chronicled genealogy of the world. The Old Testament affirms that Abraham began monotheism or the confidence in one God, and was the main individual to decline icon revere. Abraham is a central segment of Judaism in that he was viewed as the Father of the Jewish individuals and that it was through him and his posterity that an agreement was given on to succeeding ages (Pellach, 2006). The Abrahamic Covenant, which can be found in Genesis 12-17, expounds three primary issues: (1) God would present Abraham the Land of Canaan and make him the dad all things considered and of his descendants; (2) God would make an incredible country through him; and (3) God would yield a gift to the individuals who bless him and revile the individuals who revile him. In Genesis 12:3 God says, â€Å"I will favor the individuals who favor you, and I will revile him who curses you; and in all of you the groups of the earth will be blessed † (New International Version). Abrahams pledge is especially significant on the grounds that it fills in as the source to the Bible and world history (Pellach, 2006). The premise of practically all Christian lessons is established on the conviction that God has a picked people, which will uncover themselves in the most recent days of the earth. Albeit, a few people in different human advancement and societies accept that the contract no longer applies today, the Bible reaffirms that Abrahamic agreement is still basically. The Bible says, â€Å"He [God] recollects his pledge perpetually, the word which he told,

Information Systems Consoltancy skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Data Systems Consoltancy aptitudes - Essay Example They go about as the impetus between the specialists or the customers and the engineers of the arrangement on the other. Forgoing their administrations would welcome catastrophe. Whitman Price Consulting (WPC) is a Consultancy firm that furnishes industry-focussed arrangements with the target of upgrading their worth and encourages it customers to confront an assortment of difficulties. They encourage on the best way to make an incentive for supporting business, arranging bargains, improving business execution, overseeing resources, emergency and individuals. They instruct the enterprises to adjust to worldwide necessities and gauges just as how to oversee dangers and react to changes realized these exercises. They likewise counsel on administrative and administration consistence necessities. For offering these worth increments to their customers they have separated their own capacities into six divisions. They are (1) Audit and Assurance, (2) Crisis Management, (3) Human Resources, (4) Performance Improvements, (5) Tax and (6) Transactions. Anyway there will undoubtedly be covers between them so as to give suitable administrations to determine complex issues of their customers and help them to propel their business. Since joint effort is the establishment of any great consultancy these offices regularly participate and consolidate their endeavors to comply with time constraints. Interchanges between them is vital both for speed and conveyance of nature of administration. Precise and state-of-the-art accessibility of data is another territory that needs that must be tended to. Over some stretch of time the real work for the customer has moved from the WPC headquarter to the customer spot and this has included to extra weight the framework. Of late the Consultants at WPC just as the workers of the different customers have gotten progressively portable and so as to spare time need to get to their associates, partners, customers and administrative centers from remote areas to get to and convey data. As of late the administrators at

Great Essay Topics in 2020 - How to Find Great Opportunities For Essay Topics

Great Essay Topics in 2020 - How to Find Great Opportunities For Essay TopicsIn this article, I want to tell you about the opportunities that are out there for essay topics in 2020. This is going to help you find more work in your area of expertise.In the new year, there are going to be plenty of opportunities available for you to look for a job. First of all, if you were to look at your career in the past year, you will see that it went from stagnation to something different and better. So, do you think you have what it takes to change your career from stagnation to growth?There are a lot of skills that are needed to be a success in certain specific career areas. If you have what it takes to be successful in this career area, there are going to be many jobs available for you to get.The first major industry sectors that are going to have job openings are computer programming and web development. These careers are popular with everyone because of the high demand for computer science g raduates.If you don't already have a college degree, this is one of the best ways to follow up on your gre career objectives. By getting yourself a bachelor's degree in computer science, you can apply for jobs that require this type of specialization.Another key part of being successful in your career is to be certified. There are programs offered by many computer programming schools around the country. You can find these online or in your local area.People who have a bachelor's degree and have passed the certification exam are good candidate for entry level positions. If you are interested in working at an entry level, then getting certified is going to be an added advantage to your resume.A third avenue that you can take is to sign up for career site. They allow you to make your own profile and to get on the job training to learn the skills you need to find a job. You can also read up on available jobs and try to match up with someone who has a similar skill set as you.

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2324 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Critical essay Level High school Tags: Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Did you like this example? What are the implications for a firm that does not conduct CSR? Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is often mistaken for a 21st century buzz phrase when in fact it has been part of the business lexicon for decades. While some argue that the concept dates back to the Industrial Revolution, the first substantive work was written by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book The Practice of Management. Despite the passage of time, there is still no universal definition of CSR. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order Corporate Social Responsibility, what it is and how it is implemented, is different depending upon the country a business operates within, the regulatory system they are answerable to and even the industry within which they work. These complications aside, it is necessary to fix on well-rounded definition of CSR in order to critically discuss the concept in this paper. The definition offered by the International Organization for Standardization will be used, as it is general in nature and applicable to most businesses, regardless their country of operation: â€Å"Social responsibility is the responsibility of an organisation for the impacts of its decisions and activities on society and the environment, through transparent and ethical behaviour that: contributes to sustainable development, including the health and the welfare of society takes into account the expectations of stakeholders is in compliance with applicable law and consistent with international norms of behaviour; and Is integrated throughout the organization and practised in its relationships.† (International Organization for Standardization, 2010) They one weakness in this definition is the proposition that CSR is about compliance with applicable law. In Dahlsruds (2008) analysis of 37 CSR definitions, he identified five critical dimensions. The first dimension is the environment and its consideration in business operations and the second is the social dimension which covers businesses taking into account their impact on society. Both of these dimensions are central to our working definition. The third dimension identified is the economic dimension which looks for a commitment to integrating CSR into business operations is also present as is the fourth dimension which related to how businesses should manage all stakeholder groups in a socially responsible manner (Dahlsrud, 2008). The final dimension, voluntariness, is what is missing from the ISO definition. Dahlsrud (2008) defines voluntariness as businesses making decisions and undertaking activities that are above what is legally required whereas the ISO definition (International Organization for Standardization, 2010) states that mere compliance is acceptable. It is argued that merely complying with the law is better described as good corporate governance and not of itself an act of corporate social responsibility (Ashley and Crowther, 2012; Bà ªnabou and Tirole, 2010). Central to the CSR debate is the notion of how society defines the role of business, and the resulting responsibilities. The classic roles and responsibilities assigned to business are to harness capital and other resources in production, to provide employment and meaningful jobs, to conduct research, development and innovation, to provide goods and services for sale, to create wealth for shareholders, employees, customers and society at large. (Fitzgerald and Cormack, 2011) These core, growth and profit motivated responsibilities do touch on some dimensions of CSR, but comparing these to the responsibilities endowed by CSR shows the amount of change necessary to mov e towards a socially responsible business model. One extreme of the CSR debate, often referred to as the neo-classical or traditional conflict approach (Redman, 2005), argues that the only social responsibility of business is to increase profits (Friedman, 1970). The other end of the spectrum is what Redman terms the â€Å"true believers† (2005, 78) approach to CSR. This is where a firm has environmental and social commitments in place that are not profit motivated. However, true corporate altruism is rare with evidence suggesting that organisations are more likely to adopt an ‘enlightened self-interest approach to CSR (Porter and Kramer, 2006). This is an approach that ties socially responsible activities to profit making activities (Redman, 2005). Enlightened self-interest has been one of the driving forces behind corporate responsibility in relation to the environment and utilization of scare resources. Inputs to production, from raw products to fossil fue ls, are becoming scare and businesses have needed to adapt to these changes or risk extinction (Ashley and Crowther, 2012). So while environmental impacts are now of greater concern to business, it could be argued that this is more the survival of the business than a deliberately socially responsible endeavor (Ashley and Crowther, 2012). At the same time, society now holds greater expectations of the business community (Scherer and Palazzo, 2011). With higher levels of education (for the most part) and thus knowledge, there is less of a tendency to believe the rhetoric of business. Ashley and Crowther argue that customers are not looking for perfection of business practices, but â€Å"the do expect honesty and transparency† (2012, pg.3). The rise and rise of social media has also created a fast and ubiquitous means for people to call businesses to account for (perceived) socially irresponsible acts (Fitzgerald and Cormack, 2011). The media also has the ability to p rovide focus and extensive coverage on businesses who have engaged in dubious practices (Fitzgerald and Cormack, 2011). Companies who use third world (often slave) labour are being named and shamed, and forced to reassess their supply chain practices (Ashley and Crowther, 2012). Despite these inroads, the last decade has seen examples where self-regulation and responsible corporate behaviour have failed spectacularly (Lynch-Wood et al, 2009), causing such events as the Global Financial Crisis. Few, if any, parts of society remain unaffected by these events. The response by policy makers and legislators has been swift and punitive. The net result being greater compliance and reporting requirements across most organisations and industries. Now there exists little distinction between what would have been considered a CSR organisation and one that practices good corporate governance (Money and Scheper, 2007; Mason and Simmonds, 2014). It would be disingenuous to deny that th e CSR movement has not had a positive impact on the business community. However, the overwhelming amount of progress in socially responsible action has been sparked by the depletion of natural resources and the need for businesses to diversify operations, changes in society and societal expectations of business and government legislative response to corporate failings. Being socially responsible is now just good business, an essential component of operational and strategic decision making (Porter and Kramer, 2006). Whichever way it is has been achieved, there are consequences that still exist for organisation that do not conduct CSR. Both the perception and reality of company performance can be enhanced by adopting CSR. Some pundits argue the payoff is long term, others argue that there is no payoff at all (McWilliams et al, 2006). Above profitability, there are a number of risks organisations face if they do not engage in CSR behaviour. It should be noted that the followin g is not an exhaustive list, merely the ones with the greatest potential impact. Reputational damage has always been a key outcome of socially irresponsible business activities (Walker and Dyck, 2014). Reputation can be defined as the aggregate perception of an organisations internal and external stakeholders (Walker and Dyck, 2014) and represents a firms single greatest intangible asset. Once reputation is lost, or at least impacted significantly, it is difficult to get back. Changes to the speed with which reputation damaging information can spread is also of concern to socially irresponsible organisations as it is much more difficult to hide or deny wrong doing (Ashley and Crowther, 2012).Further to this, Walker and Dycks (2014) research showed a positive correlation between a firms reputation and those with corporate social responsibility. Employee engagement and attracting talent appears to go hand in hand with socially responsible corporate practices (Bhattacharya e t al., 2008). The global economy has been described as a ‘knowledge economy (Fitzgerald and Cormack, 2011), with the greatest corporate assets residing in the intellectual endeavor of staff. Bhattacharya et al. (2008) also argue that CSR is a way for a firm to show their values in practice and thereby emotionally engaging employees to achieve all of the organisations goals. Engaged staff, at all levels of the business, are crucial to complete in a market place that is increasingly saturated by products and services. Differentiating the offering of one business from another (Servaes and Tamayo 2013) is becoming more difficult to achieve, but CSR related activities provide a point of product differentiation. Environmentally sounds goods (such as recyclable plastics) and Fairtrade food stuffs (such as coffee) are two examples of familiar products that have been differentiated by organisations acting in a more socially responsible manner. Firms who fail to innovate in th is way will become followers instead of leaders, and potentially impact their profitability (Blowfield and Murray, 2008). Smarter product and service development needs to start with managers and leaders thinking outside their traditional product and service offerings (Blowfield and Murray, 2008). The move to a more socially responsible business imperative has opened up new markets and opportunities within which an organisation can expand and prosper (Porter and Kramer, 2006). Those organisations closed to CSR will miss these opportunities and run the risk of being left behind. Even if opportunities are identified, access to capital may become increasingly difficult for non-CSR firms. With the rise of Socially Responsible Investment, organisations that do not engage in CSR can limit their access to capital and hence, their growth potential (Porter and Kramer, 2006). Furthermore, organisations run the risk of greater regulatory intervention if they do not change to more soci ally responsible ways. The recent trend towards regulation of business activities has highlighted the fact that if governments and policy makers identify failures in self-regulation, they are more than willing to step in and regulate business behaviour (Lynch-Wood et al, 2009). Legislation changes and compliance requirements are both restrictive and costly to organisations. If organisations fail to go above and beyond the current compliance requirements, they risk more being imposed on their activities (Bà ªnabou and Tirole, 2010). These risks all have the potential to significantly impact an organisations profitability and in extreme cases, long-term survival. These considerations also should be cause enough for businesses to reconsider their default position on CSR initiatives. Whatever the short-comings of the CSR movement, and the ideologically motivated debates about definition, society and the global economy are radically changed. Being socially responsible is now the only way to do business. Corporate Social Responsibility is a sounds business concept, but long fought debates around its definition have reduced the impact that it may have had on the business community. The fact remains that even if organisations conduct themselves in a socially responsible manner, there is some level of profit-motivated self-interest underpinning these decisions. The greatest headway in moving (forcing?) organisations to be more socially responsible has been societal and environmental changes external to the firm. Global industry and populations have led to the degradation of raw materials and fossil fuels which has made it necessary for many industries to reconsider how they do business. Sustainable development has become core to business operations in most sectors and is now more a case of good business practice than falling under the CSR banner. Society has also seen the impact that business has on their natural environment and communities in ge neral, and is now willing and capable of calling organisations into account for irresponsible, unethical behaviour. In summary, forces external to the organisation have had a greater influence in moving organisations towards the CSR ideal than the CSR movement itself. Regardless of how more socially responsible business practices are achieved, the change is positive and widespread. Substantial risk still remains for those businesses who do not adopt CSR practices. The implications include reputational risk, the inability to attract and retain staff and the possibility of increased regulation. Failing to embrace CSR also has the potential to impact the long-term suitability of an organisation, reducing access to capital, missing opportunities for growth and the failure to differentiate your brand from the rest of the pack. The conclusion being that being socially responsible is no longer optional, it is simply the way good business is done. References Ashley, P. and Crowther, D. (2012), Territories of social responsibility. 1st ed. Farnham, Surrey, England: Gower. Bà ªnabou, R. and Tirole, J. (2010), Individual and Corporate Social Responsibility. Economica, 77: 1–19. Bhattacharya, C.B., Sankar, S., Korschun, D., (2008), â€Å"Using Corporate Social Responsibility to Win the War for Talent†, MIT Sloan Management Review, (https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/using-corporate-social-responsibility-to-win-the-war-for-talent/) Blowfield, M. and Murray, A. (2008), Corporate Responsibility: a critical introduction, OUP. Dahlsrud, A. (2008), How Corporate Social Responsibility is Defined: an Analysis of 37 Definitions†, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15 (1), pp 1-13. Drucker, P. (1954), The Practice of Management, Allied Partners, New York. Fitzgerald, N. and Cormack, M. (2011), The Role of Business in Society. An Agenda for Action, Joint Initiative by the Conference Board, Harvard University CSR Initiative and the International Business Leaders Forum on behalf of the Clinton Initiative. ( https://www.hks.harvard.edu/m-rcbg/CSRI/publications/report_12_CGI%20Role%20of%20Business%20in%20Society%20Report%20FINAL%2010-03-06.pdf ) Friedman, M. (1970), â€Å"The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits†, The New York Times Magazine, September 13, 1970, pp 122-126. International Organisation for Standardization 2010, Guidance Standard on Social Responsibility (ISO 26000). Lynch-Wood, G., Williamson, D. and Jenkins, W. (2009), â€Å"The over-reliance on self-regulation in CSR policy†, Business Ethics: A European Review, 18 (1), pp 52-65. Mason, C., and Simmons, J. (2014), â€Å"Embedding Corporate Social Responsibility in Corporate Governance: A Stakeholder Systems Approach†, Journal of Business Ethics, 119, pp 77-86. McWilliams, A., Siegel, D.S., and Wright, P.M. (2006), â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility: Strategic Implications†, Journal of Management Studies, 43 (1), pp 1-18. Money, K. and Schepers, H. (2007), Are CSR and Corporate Governance Converging? Journal of General Management, 33 (2). Porter, M.E., and Kramer, M.R.(2006), â€Å"Strategy and Society: The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility†, Harvard Business Review, December 2006, pp 78-93. Servaes, H. and Tamayo, A. (2013), â€Å"The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Firm Value: The Role of Customer Awareness†, Management Science,59,(5), pp. 1045–1061. Redman, E., (2005), â€Å"Understanding the Corporate Social Responsibility Continuum†, LBJ Journal of Public Affairs , 18, pp 72-84. Walker, K. and Dyck, B. (2014), The Primary Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethicality in Corporate Reputation: An Empirical Study, Business and Society Review,119 (1), pp 147–174.

Setting Analysis of the Story a Rose for Emily - 1007 Words

An analysis of the setting of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner’s William Faulkner is one of the greatest writers of the twentieth century. Although he was born in New Albany, Mississippi in 1897 he moved to Oxford, Mississippi before his fifth birthday. Faulkner belonged to a once-wealthy family of former plantation owners (eNotes.com, Inc., 2012). He spent his boyhood hunting and fishing in and around Lafayette County (eNotes.com, Inc., 2012). William Faulkner based most of his stories and characters closely to his life and the ones that had the greatest influence in his life. The South’s historical legacy is what Faulkner often wrote his novels based on and that it what helped him gain recognition. Faulkner moved around to†¦show more content†¦Although it shows the old social order of how things were during that time period it also shows us how it is slowly dying. Townspeople probably had a hard time adjusting to the death of the old social order but felt it was necessary instead of trying to hold on and stay true to the old w ays. Characters as well as the setting both set the tone for the story and the change that was taking place. Emily although didn’t embrace change still longed for companionship since the death of her father. After being controlled by her father her whole life she now felt she needed to be in controlled. Even though Homer represented modernity and industrialization she enjoyed his companionship. Homer brought innovation to the rapidly changing world of this Southern town. Emily’s macabre bridal chamber is an extreme attempt to stop time and prevent change, although doing so comes at the expense of human life (SparkNotes Editors). Emily’s house also represents alienation, mental illness, and death (Larinde). It is a shrine to the living past, and the sealed upstairs bedroom is her macabre trophy room where she preserves the man she would not allow to leave her (Shmoop University, Inc., 2012). Emily stays firmly planted in a subjective realm of time, where life moves on with her in it but she stays committed, regardless, to the past (SparkNotes Editors). Reference Page eNotes.com, Inc..Show MoreRelatedA Rose for Emily889 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis for â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Sometimes a Rose is Not a Rose: A Literary Analysis of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, written by William Faulkner, the negative impact of Emily’s upbringing by an overprotective father, leads to incredible pattern in her life and the obvious mental illness that takes over as she not so graciously ages. 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Solutions and summary to chapter Essay Example For Students

Solutions and summary to chapter Essay The team owners initially obtain the rights to players through and annual draft that is used to allocate new players among the teams in the league. They also can obtain the rights to players by purchasing them room another team. Players do not like this process and often argue that they should be free to negotiate with all teams in the sporting league. In this case, they would be free to play for the team that offers the most desirable contract. Owners argue that his change in rights would have a negative effect on the distribution of talent across teams. We will write a custom essay on Solutions and summary to chapter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In particular, they argue that all the good players would end up on rich, media center teams such as NY or LA (because the teams can pay higher salaries. ) The inequity of players across teams would make the sport less interesting to fans and thus destroy the league. Do you think the owners argument is correct? Explain. I believe the owners argument is correct. If all good players were in the same team or distributed among the two richest teams, this or these teams would always win amusement for consumers. 3-13. Locust Hill Golf Club is a private country club. It charges an initiation fee of $23,000. When members quit the club, they receive no refund on their initiation fees. They simply lose their membership. Salt Lake Country Club is also a private golf course. At this club, members Join by buying a membership certificate from a member who is leaving the club. The price of the membership is determined by supply and demand. Suppose that both clubs are considering installing a watering system. In each case, the watering system is expected to enhance the quality of the golf course significantly. To finance these systems, members would pay a special assessment of $2,000 per year for the next three years. The proposals will be voted on by the memberships. Do you think that the membership is more likely to vote in favor of the proposal at Locust Hill or for the one at Salt Lake country club? Explain. Locust Hill Club members have a greater power of acquisition compared to the embers of Salt lake Club, since membership at Salt Lake is determined by the market. Nevertheless, there are probably less members at Salt Lake than at Locust since Salt Lake members have to wait for a member to leave in order to enter the club while Locust Hill members Just have to pay an initiation fee to enter. In this case, Salt Lake might be a more exclusive club, but it really depends on the pressure exerted by supply and demand so it cant actually be determined. Due to this probable exclusivity of members at Salt Lake, the membership would probably vote in favor of Salt lake Club, whose members are more involved in club activities and desire to have a better club. Members at Locust Hill wont leave the club since they would lose $23,000 on leaving and therefore if they dont have a watering system they would still be members. Members at Salt Lake without a watering system might consider selling their memberships and therefore the prices of these memberships would lower. 3-17. Two men, Robinson Crusoe and Friday, have been marooned separately on the same deserted island. There are two activities each man can undertake to obtain DOD: fishing and gathering coconuts. Robinson Crusoe can catch 40 fish per hour or gather 10 coconuts per hour. Friday can catch 10 fish per hour or gather 8 coconuts per hour. Answer the following questions: a) Who is more efficient in each activity? .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd , .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd .postImageUrl , .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd , .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd:hover , .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd:visited , .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd:active { border:0!important; } .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd:active , .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubd3540fc106be967921c87d2c9c4e5fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Marcel Duchamp EssayCould either or both of them benefit from meeting and deciding to form a trading relationship? Explain intuitively. Intuitively, Robinson is more efficient in both activities: fishing and gathering coconuts. Since Robinson can handle both activities allocating part of his time to fishing and other part of his time to gathering coconuts, he doesnt need help and Hereford will not benefit from a trading relationship. Friday needs the trading relationship because he is not as efficient in any of the activities as Robinson. In the case that Friday helped out Robinson and they formed a trading agreement, he fish the other half. B) Robinson and Friday have not yet met. Robinson is working 2 hours a day and producing (and consuming) 48 fish and 8 coconuts (note: the fish are very small. ) Friday is also working 2 hours a day, but he is producing and consuming 15 fish and 4 coconuts. Now assume that Robinson and Friday meet and develop a trading relationship. Come up with a production and trading scheme such that they can each work the same amount per day as before, but each is better off than before. Provide specific numbers to show how they are better off. The way to obtain more fish and coconuts working together is for Robinson to solely fish during two hours per day and for Friday to solely gather coconuts for two hours a day, yielding 48 fish and 4 coconuts for each of them. 3-18. Suppose that annual demand in the U. S. Market for ice cream cones can be expressed as SQ = 800 + 0,21 loop, where SQ is the number of cones demanded in lions of cones, I equals average monthly income in dollars, and P is the price in dollars per cone. Supply can be expressed as SQ = 200 + 1 APP (with the same units for quantity and price. ) a) Graph the demand and supply curves for ice cream cones, assuming that the average monthly income is $2,000 and solve for equilibrium and quantity. The equilibrium of the market is given at a price of $4 per ice cream cone and a quantity supplied and demanded of 800 ice cream cones. B) Now assume that average monthly income drops to $750 and supply is unchanged. Draw the new demand curve on the same graph as used above and love for the new equilibrium price and quantity. How would you describe the shift in demand intuitively? The equilibrium of the market is now at a price of $3 per ice cream cone and a quantity supplied and demanded of 650 ice cream cones. The Demand curve shifted to the left, indicating less quantity demanded and the supply curve remained the same. At the price of $4, when the average monthly income was of $2,000, the quantity of ice creams cones demanded was of 800, while when the income lowers to $750 at this price the quantity demanded of ice creams is of 550 ice cream cones.

Tax Return Position Paper free essay sample

Tax laws come from several sources and each source has a particular amount of rein over the laws conducted. Sources, such as the IRC, have a defined amount of say in the laws and the consequences. The way a law is interpreted and applied is also a very large part of tax law. Tax research is how tax laws are defined and followed for individual facts (Anderson, Pope Kramer 2010) Sources of Tax Law The primary and secondary sources of tax law are the Internal Revenue Code, United States Tax Court, United States district courts, Court of Federal Claims, federal ircuit courts, United States Supreme Court, Treasury Regulations, Internal Revenue Bulletin, Revenue rulings, Revenue Procedures, Notices, Announcements, Private Letter Rulings, Technical Advice Memoranda, BNA Tax management portfolios, and Law of Federal Income Taxation (Anderson, Pope Kramer 2010). The Internal Revenue Code, Title 26 of United States Code, was first created in 1939 and was redefined in 1954. We will write a custom essay sample on Tax Return Position Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Changes made to the IRC replace old information so it is always currently defined what the laws are. This is the main source of tax law. Treasury Regulations are decisions made which can illustrate the IRC. There are proposed, temporary, and final regulations. Proposed regulations are proposed but not made final, temporary regulations are the process of making a proposal final, and have less authoritative weight, than final regulations which are the final regulation. If laws are undetermined by the IRC and the Treasury Department hearings go to court. U. S. Tax Court, U. S. Court of Federal Claims and U. S district courts are the choices of presenting litigation in which laws are interpreted into rulings and claims can etermine specific facts of the laws and regulations. The U. S. Supreme Court hears important tax claims presented after a loss in the other courts. The Internal Revenue Bulletin list rulings the IRS will use in future cases and ones it will not. Revenue Rulings and Revenue Procedures are listed in this bulletin. Announcements and notices are the posting of a tax act before it is determined proposed, temporary, or legislation (UWE, 2012). Substantial Authority Substantial Authority is when different treatment of the law or the consequence is applicable. The IRS makes rulings that are not as authoritative as Treasury Regulations and court cases. These IRS rulings do not have to be followed if there is substantial authority in one of the main sources of tax law such as the IRC, court cases and proposed, temporary, and final regulations. If found the individual is liable for the tax, there is no penalty, but there is retroactive interest involved (Tarlton Law, 2009). Interpretation and Application A tax law starts the legislation process in the House of Representatives. A proposal is formed into a bill that goes the House of Ways and Means Committee that y the full House of Representatives. After approval of the House of Representatives the bill goes to the Senate Finance Committee and if passed is voted on by the full Senate. Tax Return Position Paper free essay sample Position Tax law was established in order to govern tax transactions and events. The primary source of tax law is the internal revenue code, which was established in the year 1939, and has been revised multiple times since then. In addition to information regarding company income tax, employment tax, and other pertinent tax options. The legislative process is also a primary source of tax law, which is initiated in the House of Representatives, where new tax bills can be proposed. Once a proposed bill makes it to the House of Representatives, they can vote to decide whether or not to incorporate the proposed tax bill. Treasury regulations can help with the understanding of the application of internal revenue code provisions. As a secondary source of tax law, citations to treasury regulations are used in order to substantiate propositions and help locate underlying authority. Administrative pronouncements, such as revenue rulings and letter rulings, pertain to consequences issued in relation to tax transactions and tax practice. We will write a custom essay sample on Tax Return Position Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Judicial decisions, which are also significant in reference to tax law, involve decisions made by judges on tax related laws and their subsequent consequences. Substantial authority refers to the factor of whether or not a penalty will be applied in the event a taxpayer did not adhere to the guidelines of tax law. Normally, taxpayers would be subject to a penalty if they do not adhere to the tax law according to the internal revenue code, although if there is substantial authority, that penalty would not be incurred. The title of having substantial authority allows for the taxpayer to have special treatment in regards to the tax ruling in question. The courts, as well as the Internal Revenue Service play a major role in the application and interpretation of tax law. It is the duty of the court system to ensure that tax laws are properly applied in relation to litigation claims that may arise into legal matters. Decisions by the court can be exercised via a regular decision or a memorandum decision, both which hold the same authoritative power. The small cases procedure, however, does not hold the same authoritative power as a regular decision and a memorandum decision because the case is not heard by a judge. In the even a tax payer decides to use the small cases procedure, not only is the claim at a maximum of $50,000 for the year, but the case is not heard by a judge, and is instead heard by commissioners. The taxpayer is not required to have an attorney to represent them in order to have their case heard, and the decision is not published like that of a regular decision or a memorandum decision. Some decisions made by the court are able to be appealed. In the event that a taxpayer has requested an appeal, they would be able to do so where the case was originally claimed. IN order to be able to have a case heard by the U. S. Supreme Court, the case must have great importance. If a taxpayer is able to have their case heard in the U. S. Supreme Court, the decision of the court would overrule all other decisions that had been previously made by other courts in the taxpayers’ jurisdiction. The majority of tax court is nationally represented, and does not take into account the location of the place of the businesses involved, nor does it take into account the location of the place in which the residence of the taxpayers or any of the people that are involved in the case. Tax court serves as a uniform entity which provides fair and sound decisions based on the laws and regulations at hand.

Analysis on Lincoln at Gettysburg by Gary Wills essays

Analysis on Lincoln at Gettysburg by Gary Wills essays Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America is an extraordinary piece of literature that has earned much acclaim in general non-fiction. The author of the book is Garry Wills. Garry Wills is an adjunct professor of history at Northwestern University. He has a dignified career as an author and his articles regularly appear in the New York Review of Books. He has received numerous accolades, including the 1993 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction for Lincoln at Gettysburg and the National Endowment for the Humanities Presidential Medal. Wills rightfully deserves these accolades for presenting an opportunity to contemplate the importance, aspects, and eloquence of the Gettysburg Address, if for no other reasons. This book will stimulate the reader to re-evaluate and understand one of the greatest speeches orated in American history. It was a gruesome battle at Gettysburg, at which even with the victory of the North, neither side left the grounds gloriously. Fifty thousand were dead, wounded, or missing. It was a repellant and suffocating site with the smell of decaying horse and man flesh. It was a place of grotesque reality, a place unlikely to become a symbol of ideals, purpose, and pride. The Governor of Pennsylvania authorized the purchase of a cemetery to bury the soldiers. After its completion, the grounds would deserve to be dedicated and the air to be sweetened. Edward Everett, a man that could captivate and spellbound audiences, seemed to be the competent speaker for the consecration. President Lincoln was invited to orate, but he was asked specifically to only deliver limited remarks. Although the main speaker would still be Everett, it was Lincoln that uttered the words vital for the American people to devour. With his compelling rhetoric, Abraham Lincoln not only freshened the air of Get tysburg, he purified the sinful and compunctious atmosphere of American history. He manifested an altered&q...

Claude monet Haystacks painting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Claude monet Haystacks painting - Essay Example The essay "Claude monet Haystacks painting" discovers the art of Claude Monet. By the time Monet was done he had accomplished the artistic analysis of 25 different scenes that were from different timelines. The artist made it a point to capture details as per different times and with different weather. The end result was a model that was admired by his peers at the time and even many years to come. The subject that he chose was also an interesting one that many artists may have ignored before but that in which Monet saw a great potential to create a series of paintings. The background of the haystacks states that they are large and talk stacks that are normally located within Normandy region in France so as to emphasize the beauty of the countryside. They functioned majorly as storage facilities with the purpose of preserving the harvest, especially wheat until the time the wheat could be distinctively separated from the chaff and the stalk. These stacks were more common in the 19th century and further survived for close to a hundred years before the discovery of combined harvesters and other machines that could do the separation faster and with advanced technology. The stacks were basically common in Giverny where Monet’s home was located. Monet noticed the subject when he was taking a casual walk after which he requested that two canvases be brought to him by his step daughter so that he could sufficiently capture different weather conditions. Monet realized that he needed more than just two canvases.... painted realistic depictions which were eventually revised in a studio with the aim of generating contrast and to preserve harmony within the painting series. (Hayes, 1990: pg22) The first painting that I will discuss including the thematic issues involved is the wheat stack end of summer. The common subject all through the series basically utilized an underlying theme of transience of light. this kind of concept played a vital role of enabling Monet apply repetition in such a way that could show nuances in regards to the perception of difference in time, seasons and the differences in weather. This feature made Monet the painter that was the first to work on so many projects under the same subject matter but basically just differentiated by weather, light, perspective and atmosphere. Certain aspects in this painting involved strict documentation of ephemera that were only possible during some restricted durations of time in the day and so the keenness involved in this was captured b y Monet as he could have to wait around for such moments in time to get the real perspective. The painting depicts an accurate use of hue and color to reflect differences in light. This made it possible for the painting to show the ever changing quality of residual light as seen on the haystacks through the manifestation of distinctive coloring as done by Monet. (Charles, 1996: pg 39) The second painting still under scrutiny is that of Morning Snow Effect. This painting completely shows a different season as compared to the others. The painting was done by Monet mostly in the mornings after the harvest whereby snow was seen and so Monet sought to show the difference in capturing the value and texture that would be expected from the snow covered haystacks in the morning. In this painting,

Prevention and Management of Unstable Angina Essay

Prevention and Management of Unstable Angina - Essay Example (NIH, 2011) Unstable angina additionally can happen with or without physical effort, and rest or pharmaceutical may not alleviate the agony. (NIH, 2011)Unstable angina is exceptionally hazardous and obliges crisis medicine. (NIH, 2011) This kind of angina is a sign that a heart assault may happen soon. (NIH, 2011) â€Å"Coronary artery disease due to atherosclerosis is by far the most common cause of unstable angina† (Dugdale, 2012) Atherosclerosis is the development of greasy material called plaque along the dividers of the arteries. This makes the arteries which are the supply routes to get limited and less adaptable. (Dugdale, 2012)The narrowing interferes with blood flow to the heart, bringing on chest pains and discomfort. Individuals with precarious angina are at expanded danger of having a heart attack. (Dugdale, 2012) In the most recent decade, a great deal of data has been aggregated on the measurements of the issue of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and its hazard calculates in Spain. (Marrugat et al, 2002) IHD keeps on being the essential driver of death in men and the third most critical reason for death in ladies, being in charge of 11% and 10% of passing in men and ladies, individually, in 1997. (Marrugat et al, 2002)The frequency of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (number of new cases/100 000 occupants and year) in the Spanish population age 35 to 64 years is among the most reduced in the world and appears to have settled in the last 10-15 years. (Marrugat et al, 2002) This information appears differently in relation to the observation imparted by numerous doctors that the amount of patients being seen for IHD in hospitals is expanding. (Marrugat et al, 2002) This impression is affirmed by the discoveries of hospital dreariness detail, which demonstrate that the amount of patients released alive or perished with the diagnosis of IHD passed from 30 032 in 1977 to 94 124 in 1993. (Marrugat et al, 2002) Hemingway et

Racial, Gender, And Sexual Oriention Micro Aggressions Essay Example for Free

Racial, Gender, And Sexual Oriention Micro Aggressions Essay The three types of micro aggression are racial micro aggression, gender micro aggression, and sexual orientation micro aggression. Racial micro aggression consists of subtle insults which can be verbal, nonverbal, or visual directed towards people of color, often automatically or unconsciously. It is a subtle form of racism. Racial micro aggression can take a number of different forms including: nullifying racial-cultural issues, making stereo-typical assumptions, and cultural insensitivity. They also play a role in unfairness in the legal system as they can influence the decisions of juries. Gender micro aggression is related to acts that perpetuate stereotypical gender roles. An example of this could be a male faculty member asking his male colleagues to help him work out a glitch in a piece of equipment in his laboratory but not asking his female colleagues making the notion that a woman’s mechanical aptitude is inferior to that of a man’s. These gender micro aggressions include devaluing, minimizing, belittling, and demeaning comments about women and women associated activities. Sexual orientation micro aggression is associated with actions that maintain stereotypes about homosexuals. An example of this would be assuming that all homosexual males personify women with high-pitched voices and manicured nails and that all lesbians have manly characteristics that signify that they are gay. The dynamics of micro aggression are the forces that tend to produce activity and change in racial, gender, and sexuality incidents. The dynamics behind micro aggression also tend to send messages towards people. An example of this could be when an white person asks an Asian American or Latino American to teach them words in their native language. This sends the message that they aren’t American and a foreigner. Another example would be a white person stating that an African American is very articulate. The actual message it sends is that it is unusual for someone of color to be intelligent. There are four dilemmas that we face during micro aggression. The first is the clash of racial realities where white Americans tend to think that racism is on the decline and that African Americans are doing better in life than 30 or 40 years ago. On the reverse side, blacks view whites as racially insensitive. The second dilemma is the invisibility of unintentional expressions of bias. This refers to the issue that in most cases racial biases are invisible and the wrongdoer is unaware of any injustice. The third is the perceived minimal harm of racial micro aggressions. This conveys the fact that when an individual is confronted with their micro aggressive acts the perpetrator usually believes that the victim has overreacted or is being overly sensitive. The last dilemma is the Catch 22 of responding to micro aggressions. The victim is usually perplexed about how to react whether it be deciding to do nothing or confronting the perpetrator. Sometimes, micro aggression can manifest in counseling. Under Denial of Individual Racism, a common response by Whites to people of color is that they can understand and relate to experiences of racism. Under Color Blindness, for example, a client of color stresses the importance of racial experiences only to have the therapist reply, â€Å"We are all unique. We are all individuals. † or â€Å"We are all human beings or the same under the skin. † These colorblind statements, which were intended to be supportive, to be sympathetic, and to convey an ability to understand, may leave the client feeling misunderstood, negated, invalidated, and unimportant. In clinical practice, micro aggressions are likely to go unrecognized by White clinicians who are unintentionally and unconsciously expressing bias. As a result, therapists must make a concerted effort to identify and monitor micro aggressions within the therapeutic context. CHAPTER 7 CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE INTERVENTION STRATEGIES The communication styles identified in this chapter were verbal and non-verbal. Most communication specialists believe that only 30 to 40 percent of what is communicated conversationally is verbal. There are a number of non-verbal communication styles. These are proxemics, kinesics, paralanguage, and high-low context communication. The two concepts presented in sociopolitical facets of nonverbal communication were 1. Nonverbals as reflections of bias this is represented in the example of the white women walking down the street past the white, black, and latino teenager. When passing the black and latino teenager she automatically clutched her purse and switched it to the other side. The women who switched their purse were operating from stereotype, biases, and preconceived notions about what minority youngsters are like. 2. Nonverbals as triggers to biases and fear this is represented in the differences in that which cultures communicate. Whites often perceive black persons as a â€Å"threat† because of the way in which they communicate. Blacks are often high-key, animated, heated, and confrontational. They also believe the black male to be hostile, angry and prone to violence. Implications for Clinical Practice 1. Recognize that no one style of counseling or therapy will be appropriate for all populations and situations. 2. Become knowledgeable about how race, culture and gender affect communication styles. 3. Become aware of your own communication and helping styles. 4. Try to obtain additional training and education on a variety theoretical orientations and approaches 5. Know that each school of counseling and therapy has strengths but they might be one dimensional 6. Use an approach in training programs that call for openness and flexibility in conceptualizing the issues and actual skill building. It is important to know this because communication styles are strongly influenced by race, culture, ethnicity, and gender. These implications lend support to the notion that various racial groups exhibit differences in communication style. CHAPTER 8 MULTICULTURAL FAMILY COUNSELING AND THERAPY There were five components of the multicultural family counseling and therapy: a conceptual model. 1. People Nature Relationships 2. Time Dimension 3. Relational Dimension 4. Activity Dimension 5. Nature of People Dimension Activity Dimension The primary characteristic of White U. S. cultural values and beliefs is the action orientation. They believe that we must master and control nature, we must always do something about a situation, and that we should always take a pragmatic and utilitarian view of life. Counselors expect clients to master and control their own life and environment and to take action to resolve their problems. It is evident everywhere and is reflected in how White Americans identify themselves by occupation. American Indians and Latinos/Hispanics prefer a being or being-in-becoming mode of activity. The American Indian concepts of self determination and noninterference are examples. The Latinos/Hispanics believe that people are born with dignity and deserve to be treated with respect. They are born with innate worth and importance. The inner soul and spirit are more important than the body. Both the Asian and African Americans operate from the doing orientation. However, the â€Å"doing† manifests differently than in White American lifestyle. The active dimension in Asians is related not to individual achievement, but to achievement via conformity to family values and demands. African Americans exercise considerable control in the face of adversity to minimize discrimination and to maximize success. Nature of People Dimension Middle class White Americans generally perceive the nature of people to be neutral. Environmental issues such as conditioning, family upbringing, and socialization are believed to be the dominant forces in determining the nature of the person. People are neither good nor bad but are a product of their environment. African Americans tend to have a mixed concept of people, but like their White counterparts, they believe people are generally neutral. Asian Americans and American Indians tend to emphasize the inherent goodness of people. Latinos may be described as holding the view that human nature is both good and bad. The Key Points for Clinical Practice 1. Know that our increasing diversity presents us with different cultural concepts of the family. 2. Realize that families cannot be understood apart from the cultural, social, and political dimensions of their functioning. 3. When working with a racial/ethnic group different from you, make a concerted and conscientious effort learn as much as possible about their definition of family and the values along with it. 4. Be attentive to cultural family structure and extended family ties. 5. Don’t prejudge based on your own ethnocentric perspective. 6. Realize that most minority groups view the wifely role as less important than the motherly role. 7. Utilize the natural help giving networks and structures that already exist in the minority culture in community. 8. Recognize that helping can take many forms. These forms often appear quite different than our own, but they are no less effective or legitimate. Multicultural counseling calls for the counselor to modify our goals and techniques to fit the needs of minority populations. 9. Assess the importance of ethnicity to clients and families. 10. Realize that the role of family counselor cannot be confined to culture bound rules. Effective multicultural counseling may include validating and strengthening ethnic identity increasing ones own awareness and use of the client support system, serving as a culture broker, and becoming aware of the advantages and disadvantages of being from the same or different ethnic background as your client. You shouldn’t feel you need to know everything about the ethnic group, you should avoid polarization of cultural issues. 11. Accept the notion that the family therapist will need to be creative in intervention techniques when working with minorities. Bold = most important points in clinical practice CHAPTER 9 NON-WESTERN INDIGENOUS METHODS OF HEALING Culture bound syndromes are disorders specific to a cultural group or society but not easily given a DSM diagnosis. These illnesses or afflictions have local names with distinct culturally sanctioned beliefs surrounding causation and treatment. They include amok, ataque de nervios, brain fag, ghost sickness, koro, mal de ojo, nervios, and rootwork. It is very important for mental health professionals to become familiar not only with the cultural background of their clients, but to be knowledgeable about specific culture bound syndromes. A primary danger from lack of cultural understanding is the tendency to overpathologize or overestimate the degree of pathology. The principles of indigenous healing 1. The healing begins with an opening prayer and ends with a closing prayer. The pule creates an atmosphere for healing and involves asking the family gods for guidance. The gods aren’t asked to intervene but grant wisdom, understanding and honesty. 2. The ritual elicits a truth telling sanctioned by the gods and makes compliance among participants a serious matter. The leader states the problem, prays for a spiritual fusion, reaches out to resistant family members, and attempts to unify the group 3. Muhiki occurs which is a process of getting to the problems. The foregiving, releasing of wrongs, the hurts, and the conflicts produces a deep sense of resolution. 4. After the closing prayer the family participates in pant, the ritual in which food is offered to the gods and the participants. Implications for Clinical Practice 1. Do not invalidate the indigenous practices of your culturally diverse client. 2. Become knowledgeable about indigenous beliefs and healing practices. 3. Realize that learning about indigenous healing and beliefs entails experimental or lived realities. 4. Avoid overpathologizing and underpathologizing a culturally diverse clients problems. 5. Be willing to consult with traditional healers or make use of their services. 6. Recognize the spirituality is an intimate aspect of the human condition and a legitimate aspect of mental health work. 7. Be willing to expand your definition of the helping role to the community work and involvement.

Development of the Personal Computer in the 1970’s :: Essays Papers

Development of the Personal Computer in the 1970’s Personal Computers (PC’s) are everywhere. I am sitting at my desk right now writing this report on my PC. It seems like these days we take computers for granted. Almost everyone has one. Teachers assign projects that almost completely require the use of a computer. Where did this explosion of PC’s come from, though? Just a few short years ago you were lucky to have a computer. About 25 years ago people would have called you crazy if you said you had a personal computer. That’s because before 1975 there were no personal computers that were available, or affordable, to the general population. In fact, it wasn’t until much later that there really was a personal computer that anyone could use. The 1970’s served as a launching pad for the personal computer industry to blast off into the future. In the early 1970’s computer hobbyists were starting to show frustration at the current situation involving computers. At the time the only way anyone could use a computer was to access a mainframe through a terminal on a time-sharing basis. What the hobbyists wanted was to be able to access their files any time they wanted, even if they were on a business trip. They wanted to be able to play games without someone yelling at them to get back to work. They wanted their own personal computer (Campbell-Kelley and Aspray 237-238; Triumph). Some people were already experimenting with building computers. In 1971 Steve Wozniak and Bill Fernandez built a simple computer out of parts that were rejected by local companies. This computer, which they called the "cream soda computer," worked with lights and switches and is considered by many to be the first personal computer (Polsson). This wasn’t really satisfying, though. What hobbyists wanted was a real computer that they could c all their very own. This frustration was being voiced in the major electronics magazines at the time, the main two being Popular Electronics and Radio Electronics. Soon both these magazines were putting out a call for an article on building a personal computer (Triumph; Freiberger and Swaine 27-29; Shurkin 307). This wouldn’t have been possible a few years before, and it was a series of incredible advances in electronics that made it possible. In the early 1970’s calculators were very popular. They had recently become much easier to manufacture due to the advent of the integrated circuit and large-scale integration (technology that put the equivalent of 100 transistors on a single chip).

Abundance of drama Essay

She and the other girls give the names of innocent people who had nothing to do with witchcraft leaving the act with a dramatic hysterical close as all the girls try to cleanse themselves of the confrontation with Beelzebub hinting at the future prospects of the play. The act steadily builds up to when Tituba is accused at the end of the act of witchcraft. Each ingredient of the, story, which we know is hearsay, is added until it comes together and there is sufficient evidence for her to be accused by Hale. The story, which has been building, takes a turn and instead of the inquisitive nature of which it started, it becomes more action orientated and becomes a name and shame game where people are incorrectly blamed and gives a dramatic effect to the audience. This final dramatic scene of the act is placed there to end the act with a mini peak of the story and to keep the audience interested and wanting more. Act two begins with a long conversation between Proctor and his wife. They talk about the every day things but the stage directions and language Miller uses, like the scene with Proctor and Abigail, strongly projects the dramatic effect on the audience and emotions of the relationship. Proctor is not at ease with his wife, the atmosphere appears tense and uncomfortable. He attempts to make conversation, â€Å"are you well today? † which is not the sort of thing a husband would say to his wife. He tries to make her happy by complimenting her: â€Å"it’s well seasoned† and grinning. It is obvious that the atmosphere could be cut with a knife â€Å"as gently as he can† depicts that he is carefully choosing his words and trying to be a good husband but desperately trying not to bring up the affair. But it is not in vain as Goody Proctor reacts warmly to him, â€Å"blushing with pleasure†; giving an inkling that she still loves him. Though the feeling is that of betrayal and guilt there is a warm, gentle fragment of loyalty and love emancipated out of their conversation, which proves they still both feel love towards one another. Mary Warren comes in to the house-hold to discuss the events which took place in Salem earlier on and that, â€Å"Aye a proper court they have now. They’ve sent four judges out of Boston,† and that â€Å"39† women have been accused of witchcraft. She then proceeds to talk about the accused and that Mrs Proctor has been accused. This shocks them and that Rebecca nurse has also been accused, as she is a well-respected person in the Salem community and adds to the drama. Both of the women have enemies who wish to destroy them (Abigail and Mrs Putnam) and two rival factions are now clearly taking form, Goody Proctor is arrested. The home scene between Proctor and his wife is placed before she is arrested to dramatically show how innocent and plain Goody Proctor was and the contrast of her seeing John in the wrong by her being arrested, this dramatically portraits injustice. Proctor’s actions towards the arrest of his wife are dramatic as he runs out adding to the action and pace of the scene, â€Å"I will not have her chained! † The fact he will not have her chained when they are authorised to do so indicates conflict and gives drama, the use of an apostrophe shows his anger again adds gives a dramatic effect to the audiences Towards the end of the act pressure is placed on a character this time it is Mary who is being pressurised by the now fiery Proctor due his wife’s imprisonment. Proctor tries to force Mary to tell the court about the â€Å"poppet† which Mrs Proctor was arrested for, â€Å"You will tell the court how the poppet come here. † Mary claims she â€Å"cannot†, which she repeats and she begins to cry. Proctor’s language creates his mentality with the omnipotence of his language and the harsh anger which has built up inside to terrify Mary to get her to divulge her information to the court, â€Å"Aye naked! And the wind will, gods icy wind will blow! † His use of the word icy creates the chilling ominous threat to all the people who are dishonest and shows that he himself would not do it or he would be severely hypocritical. This, from what he said, is the first indication of his stern and ethical character and that Mary’s character is frail and easily manipulated both by Abigail and Proctor. Not only does the dramatic structure give the end of the act a dramatic finish but also the end of the act uses language to get across the seriousness and religious terror being brewed in Salem. Act three is set in the courtroom, the cases are being investigated and the questions and debating ensues. Mary now forced by Proctor to support Goody Proctor tells the court that she lied the day before. However she shows her weakness when she herself is blamed by Abigail, and cracks when Abigail condemns her by pretending that there is a spirit conjured by Mary, â€Å"Let me go Mr Proctor, I cannot, I cannot†. This leads to Proctor to loose his cool and condemn Abigail for doing all of this to spite him and to rid the world of his wife. He now has to admit to committing the sin of adultery: â€Å"I have known her sir! † This leads us to the turning point in the play. Proctor reveals to the court that his wife never tells a lie and that she would tell the court about his affair. By stating the truth it would obviously mean that she was telling the truth about the witchcraft and proving her innocence but would she be able to disgrace Proctors, name, which means so much to the people of the time period that the play was set. Miller’s dramatic structure brings the play to a mini climax if not the most important one by great structuring of the play; the play reaches a cross-roads. If Goody Proctor tells the truth it undermines everything that Abigail has said and shows her as a liar and everyone wrongly accused is released and brings about the end of court. But if she lies it means that all the people who have kept their morality and not lied will be charged. It defines the future of the factions and the play, having been built up throughout the opening acts. This is well dramatically structured to create complete unpredictability and a sense of curiosity as to how it will end. She is brought in and interrogated. Goody Proctor’s body language portraits the tension: â€Å"liking her lips to stall for time† now created in the court, as they all know this is the defining moment. She thinks about what she should say and â€Å"glances at Proctor† looks for help. In, agony, she answers the questions. Hard thought and constant silent pauses build the pressure within the room, â€Å"Is your husband a lecher? † Danforth the judge asks her. â€Å"No. † The pressure is lifted and the stomach churning feeling of the characters and audience takes over, this is summed up by the comment, â€Å"oh god! † when Goody Proctor realises what she’s done. But by lying, going against everything she stands for. She obviously forgives Proctor as she took one for him when he had committed adultery this shows the romantic drama that she loves him so much she would give up her morals for his name. Abigail then starts off again pretending to draw attention on to herself, that Mary is conjuring spirits and uses her power to create mass hysteria. Miller liberally uses exclamation marks to emphasise the shouting and adding to the general madness of the courtroom. Abigail’s actions are dramatised and create a lot of fear, â€Å"Abigail pointing with fear† and which is added to by having all the girls at once shouting. It gives a fearful representation that the girls are possessed by some sought of satanic spirit. Mary shifts the blame onto Proctor who is then accused by the court. This is dramatically used as the story declines after the climax in act three and the story needs to be built up quickly to reach the final climax. In Act four this is done by the hysteria and the fact that Proctor is now being blamed by Abigail and ironically the reason the trouble started was because she wanted him, now she is getting rid of him and achieving nothing. In Act four Proctor has an emotional talk with his wife as she tries to persuade him to confess and be released. Miller goes to work on giving the audience’s heart strings a pull using again language and stage actions to show the emotions of love and despair and create a great sense of drama using dramatic devices. Goody Proctor has forgiven him and believes; whatever, he does â€Å"it is good man that does it†, and thinks she drove him to have an affair. She states that, â€Å"John, I counted myself so plain, so poorly made no honest love could come to me! Suspicion kissed you when I did†. She thinks that there was nothing to love about her and before it was not her who kissed him but personified. This also implies that now when they talk and hold each other it is pure love for the first time in their relationship bringing a sense of romanticism to the ordeal that they’ve been through. Miller’s dramatically structure places the conversation before the final and ultimate climax to act as the calm before the storm and to increase the pressure on John and ultimately be decisive to the final sequence of events. Proctor is to be hung but because he was persuaded he confesses but all the official figures want his confession in writing. By doing this he is giving up his, name. He realises that he will die before he will give up his name and rips up his â€Å"life† which he had signed. This then brings us to the most powerful and dramatic action within the whole play in my opinion as, â€Å"His breast heaving, his eyes staring, Proctor tears up the paper and crumples it, and he is weeping in fury, but still erect. † This shows that he will not sign away his, name, showing his courage. He has thrown away his life but still stands â€Å"erect†, they’ve pushed him all the way physically and mentally but he has not fallen keeping his dignity, ethics and pride, which we know mean so much to him as does his life which is why it is so dramatic. Miller has created a twist luring the audience in with Goody Proctors persuasion, hooking them in with signing the confession but masking the fact he was to â€Å"rip up his life,† and die for what he believes and becoming a type of martyr or tragic hero. Miller’s, The Crucible, is structured to gain dramatic effect. Each act takes on the same structure and has very similar properties. The first two scenes to begin with build up information about different events, which take place off stage. All acts build up to a climax, giving away hints about the next act and each act ends with pressure being placed on a certain character. Act one it is Tituba; act two it is Mary; act three Mary and Mrs Proctor and act four John Proctor. â€Å"The Crucible† is a fitting name for the play as a crucible is a melting pot, which eventually displaces the pure from the waste. Which also happens in the play each act is a small melting pot as in act one, the different things are added by way of the story being built up and then heated. The heat in act one is Hale and overall the whole play is a melting pot. The story built up, the heat added by the way of the court and the pure displaced from the waste. The pure, being the characters that wouldn’t pass on the blame because they were too strong and would not give up their morals. The irony is that the people who deserved to be killed i. e. Abigail and Paris compared to the remorseful Proctor and the innocent Rebecca nurse. Miller created a dramatic play by incorporating dramatic language, stage directions and the play is structured in such a way that it gives the audience an abundance of drama.

European Integration And The European Union - 1638 Words

Although European integration has primarily come about through the European Union and its policies, the idea of a united Europe can be traced back to Ancient Greece. The first we hear of Europe as a geographic concept was in the 7th/8th century BC through the infamous Myth of Europa (Greekmythology.com, 2015). The myth is about a Phoenician princess, Europa (after which the continent was named), who has a dream where she was called to by an unknown land telling her, she belongs to it (Greekmythology.com, 2015). Although this does not describe the geographic boundaries of the continent, it never the less goes to show that the concept of Europe being as one is nothing new. However, it was only until the Roman empire in 200 BC that brought†¦show more content†¦CULTURAL INTEGRATION By the end of the 4th century BC, the geographical concept of Europe gains a cultural dimension defined by Christianity. The Roman Empire had collapsed and Christianity emerged as a unifying force during the Middle Ages. This gave way to the rise of Europe as a cultural idea; one with a shared religion, Latin as the shared language of education and one with a stronger territorial identity in face of what were seen as external threats – namely Muslims of the Middle East. This perceived enemy was very important in constituting that unifying force. The previous Roman and Greek feeling of civilizational superiority becomes a moral superiority of which the belief that Christians were not only better than non-Christians, but also had a duty to preach their beliefs to others, was common. As a result, the European population unites behind the crusades from 1099 as they fought the Muslims in Jerusalem in battles which lasted almost 200 years. This tension over Jerusalem is still seen t o this day which once again shows that this European integration has always been bound to happen. RACIAL INTEGRATION Until the end of the 19th century, Europe maintains itself as a cultural idea. Any attempt to become a political entity is not taken seriously due to the rise in nationalism and the emergence of the nation state. This situation, however, changed with the developments of the 20th century. The criticism of the Church and